Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(28676215)

Authors

Zhu VW, Cui JJ, Fernandez-Rocha M, Schrock AB, Ali SM, Ou SI

Title

Identification of a novel T1151K ALK mutation in a patient with ALK-rearranged NSCLC with prior exposure to crizotinib and ceritinib.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)	110		2017 08	32-34	Lung Cancer

URL

Abstract Text

Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) derive significant clinic benefit from treatment with ALK inhibitors. Crizotinib was the first approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for this distinct molecular subset of NSCLC. Disease progression on TKI inevitably arises secondary to diverse resistance mechanisms among which emergence of secondary ALK mutations is one of many ways in which tumor cells have adapted to survive. Therefore there is a clinical imperative to identify acquired ALK mutations via repeat tissue biopsy if clinically feasible. If such is present, switching to a different TKI with known clinical activities against the emergent resistance mutation (s) may pose a viable treatment option. Here we report for the first time a novel ALK T1151K mutation in a patient with metastatic ALK-rearranged NSCLC who progressed on crizotinib and then ceritinib. The co-crystal structure of ceritinib/ALK demonstrates a strong interaction between ceritinib and the P-loop which is facilitated by T1151 on the β3 sheet, a feature not present in the alectinib/ALK or lorlatinib/ALK co-crystal structure. It is predicated that the T1151K mutation weakens these interactions leading to drug resistance, or causes conformational changes of the ALK catalytic domain resulting in higher affinity for ATP and therefore diminished inhibitor binding. We conclude that the T1151K ALK mutation confers resistance to ceritinib, which may be rescued by alectinib or lorlatinib as evidenced by this clinical narrative.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance
ALK	T1151K	missense	unknown	ALK T1151K lies within the protein kinase domain of the Alk protein (UniProt.org). T1151K has been demonstrated to occur as a secondary drug resistance mutation in the context of ALK fusions (PMID: 28676215, PMID: 30519133), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Alk protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2024).	Y
ALK	T1151M	missense	gain of function - predicted	ALK T1151M lies within the protein kinase domain of the Alk protein (UniProt.org). T1151M is not transforming (PMID: 18923525, PMID: 33674381, PMID: 25517749) and does not induce Alk phosphorylation in culture (PMID: 18923525), but is activating in in vitro assays (PMID: 33674381, PMID: 25517749), and has been demonstrated to occur as a secondary drug resistance mutation in the context of ALK fusions (PMID: 28676215, PMID: 27009859), and therefore, is predicted to lead to a gain of Alk protein function.	Y

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
EML4 - ALK ALK T1151K	lung adenocarcinoma	predicted - resistant	Ceritinib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a clinical case study, ALK T1151K was identified in the post-progression biopsy of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring EML4-ALK after Xalkori (crizotinib) and Zykadia (ceritinib) therapies (PMID: 28676215).	28676215
EML4 - ALK ALK T1151K	lung adenocarcinoma	predicted - resistant	Crizotinib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a clinical case study, ALK T1151K was identified in the post-progression biopsy of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring EML4-ALK after Xalkori (crizotinib) and Zykadia (ceritinib) therapies (PMID: 28676215).	28676215