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Authors J. Jean Cui, Evan Rogers, Dayong Zhai, Wei Deng, Jane Ung, Vivian Nguyen, Han Zhang, Xin Zhang, Ana Parra, Maria Barrera, Dong Lee, Brion Murray
Title A next generation macrocyclic ALK inhibitor that overcomes ALK resistant mutations refractory to current approved ALK inhibitors
URL https://vcusa.sparx-ip.net/aacr2020ep/?c=a&searchfor=TPX-0131&view=2&item=2020AB_5226
Abstract Text Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements occur in up to 7% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the majority as EML4-ALK fusions. Crizotinib (first generation ALK inhibitor) was the first approved ALK inhibitor for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. However, development of resistance to crizotinib caused by secondary kinase domain mutations, bypass signaling, or morphology changes occurs. Second generation ALK inhibitors alectinib, ceritinib, and brigatinib were able to overcome the majority of ALK resistant mutations (L1196M, G1269A and F1174L) acquired with crizotinib. The solvent front mutation (SFM) G1202R is a common resistant mutation to crizotinib and the second generation ALK inhibitors. Lorlatinib, a third generation ALK inhibitor, can overcome G1202R resistance with moderate IC50 values of 40 - 60 nM in cell-based assays. Although, compound mutations such as ones with both gatekeeper and solvent front mutations (L1196M/G1202R) are refractory to lorlatinib, representing an unmet medical need. TPX-0131 is a next generation ALK inhibitor designed with a compact macrocyclic structure that can bind completely within the ATP binding boundary to overcome a variety of ALK resistant mutations, especially SFM G1202R and compound mutations L1196M/G1202R. TPX-0131 potently inhibits wildtype (WT) ALK and over 20 different ALK mutations with IC50 values <5 nM when tested in enzymatic kinase assays in the presence of 10 μM of ATP. In cell proliferation assays, TPX-0131 exhibited comparable antiproliferation activity to the most potent ALK inhibitor lorlatinib in Ba/F3 cells engineered with EML4-ALK WT. Importantly, TPX-0131 is more than 100-fold more potent against G1202R than lorlatinib in cell proliferation assays. Furthermore, TPX-0131 demonstrated antiproliferation IC50 values <2 nM in Ba/F3 cell models engineered with compound mutations including L1196M/G1202R, L1198F/G1202R, L1196M/L1198F, and C1156Y/G1202R, while lorlatinib and other ALK inhibitors are not active (IC50s >1 μM). Taken together, TPX-0131 is a next generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome a broad spectrum of acquired resistance mutations, especially the G1202R solvent front mutation and compound mutations (e.g. L1196M/G1202R). The nonclinical pharmacology profile of TPX-0131 warrants further preclinical investigation.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References