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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (26438783)
Authors Krytska K, Ryles HT, Sano R, Raman P, Infarinato NR, Hansel TD, Makena MR, Song MM, Reynolds CP, Mossé YP
Title Crizotinib Synergizes with Chemotherapy in Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma.
URL
Abstract Text The presence of an ALK aberration correlates with inferior survival for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. The emergence of ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib has provided novel treatment opportunities. However, certain ALK mutations result in de novo crizotinib resistance, and a phase I trial of crizotinib showed a lack of response in patients harboring those ALK mutations. Thus, understanding mechanisms of resistance and defining circumvention strategies for the clinic is critical.The sensitivity of human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines, cell line-derived, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with varying ALK statuses to crizotinib combined with topotecan and cyclophosphamide (topo/cyclo) was examined. Cultured cells and xenografts were evaluated for effects of these drugs on proliferation, signaling, and cell death, and assessment of synergy.In neuroblastoma murine xenografts harboring the most common ALK mutations, including those mutations associated with resistance to crizotinib (but not in those with wild-type ALK), crizotinib combined with topo/cyclo enhanced tumor responses and mouse event-free survival. Crizotinib + topo/cyclo showed synergistic cytotoxicity and higher caspase-dependent apoptosis than crizotinib or topo/cyclo alone in neuroblastoma cell lines with ALK aberrations (mutation or amplification).Combining crizotinib with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in treating newly diagnosed patients with high-risk neuroblastoma restores sensitivity in preclinical models harboring both sensitive ALK aberrations and de novo-resistant ALK mutations. These data support clinical testing of crizotinib and conventional chemotherapy with the goal of integrating ALK inhibition into multiagent therapy for ALK-aberrant neuroblastoma patients.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
ALK wild-type TP53 C176F neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not demonstrate synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on growth inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines harboring wild-tpye Alk and TP53 C176F in culture (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK R1275Q neuroblastoma sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Xalkori (crizotinib), Topotecan, and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) synergized to sustain tumor regression in human neuroblastoma cell line xenograft models harboring ALK R1275Q and wild-type TP53 (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK act mut TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma predicted - sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Xalkori (crizotinib), Topotecan, and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) synergized to delay tumor growth in xenograft models of a human neuroblastoma cell line harboring constitutively phosphorylated wild-type Alk and wild-type TP53 (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK amp TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) demonstrated synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) in neuroblastoma cell lines harboring Alk amplification and functional TP53, resulting in growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK wild-type TP53 mut neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not demonstrate synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on growth inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines harboring wild-tpye Alk and TP53 mutations in culture (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK F1245C TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Pdx Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) worked synergistically with Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), resulting in sustained tumor regression in crizotinib-resistant neuroblastoma PDX models harboring ALK F1245C and wild-type Tp53 (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK wild-type MDM2 amp TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not improve the effect of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on tumor growth suppression in xenograft models of a human neuroblastoma cell line harboring wild-type ALK, wild-type TP53, and MDM2 amplification (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK mut TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Pdx & cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) demonstrated synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) in patient-derived neuroblastoma cell lines harboring Alk mutations and functional TP53, resulting in growth inhibition in culture and tumor regression in animal models (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK F1174L TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma sensitive Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Xalkori (crizotinib), Topotecan, and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) synergized to sustain tumor regression in xenograft models of a crizotinib-resistant human neuroblastoma cell line harboring ALK F1174L and wild-type TP53 (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK wild-type TP53 wild-type neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not demonstrate synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on growth inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines harboring wild-tpye Alk and wild-type TP53 in culture (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK wild-type TP53 P177T neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not demonstrate synergy with the combination of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on growth inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines harboring wild-tpye Alk and TP53 P177T in culture (PMID: 26438783). 26438783
ALK wild-type TP53 H168R neuroblastoma no benefit Crizotinib + Cyclophosphamide + Topotecan Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) did not improve the effect of Topotecan and Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) on tumor growth suppression in xenograft models of a human neuroblastoma cell line harboring wild-type ALK and TP53 H168R (PMID: 26438783). 26438783