Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(26644411)

Authors

Adjei AA, Richards DA, El-Khoueiry A, Braiteh F, Becerra CH, Stephenson JJ, Hezel AF, Sherman M, Garbo L, Leffingwell DP, Iverson C, Miner JN, Shen Z, Yeh LT, Gunawan S, Wilson DM, Manhard KJ, Rajagopalan P, Krissel H, Clendeninn NJ

Title

A Phase I Study of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Combination Therapy with Refametinib plus Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Cancer.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research	22	10	2016 May 15	2368-76	Clin Cancer Res

URL

Abstract Text

To assess the safety and tolerability of the small-molecule allosteric MEK inhibitor refametinib combined with sorafenib, in patients with advanced solid malignancies.This phase I dose-escalation study included an expansion phase at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Patients received refametinib/sorafenib twice daily for 28 days, from a dose of refametinib 5 mg plus sorafenib 200 mg to a dose of refametinib 50 mg plus sorafenib 400 mg. Plasma levels of refametinib, refametinib metabolite M17, and sorafenib were measured for pharmacokinetic assessments. Tumors were biopsied at the MTD for analysis of MEK pathway mutations and ERK phosphorylation.Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation cohort. The MTD was refametinib 50 mg twice daily plus sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. The most common treatment-related toxicities were diarrhea and fatigue. Refametinib was readily absorbed following oral administration (plasma half-life of ∼16 hours at the MTD), and pharmacokinetic parameters displayed near-dose proportionality, with less than 2-fold accumulation after multiple dosing. Another 30 patients were enrolled in the MTD cohort; 19 had hepatocellular carcinoma. The combination was associated with significantly reduced ERK phosphorylation in 5 out of 6 patients biopsied, with the greatest reductions in those with KRAS or BRAF mutations. Disease was stabilized in approximately half of patients, and 1 patient with colorectal cancer achieved a partial response at the MTD lasting approximately 1 year.In this phase I study, refametinib plus sorafenib was well tolerated, with good oral absorption, near-dose proportionality, and target inhibition in a range of tumor types. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2368-76. ©2015 AACR.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References