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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (27797976)
Authors Gibson WJ, Ruan DT, Paulson VA, Barletta JA, Hanna GJ, Kraft S, Calles A, Nehs MA, Moore FD, Taylor-Weiner A, Wala JA, Zack TI, Lee TC, Fennessy FM, Alexander EK, Thomas T, Janne PA, Garraway LA, Carter SL, Beroukhim R, Lorch JH, Van Allen EM
Title Genomic Heterogeneity and Exceptional Response to Dual Pathway Inhibition in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.
URL
Abstract Text Purpose: Cancers may resist single-agent targeted therapies when the flux of cellular growth signals is shifted from one pathway to another. Blockade of multiple pathways may be necessary for effective inhibition of tumor growth. We document a case in which a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) failed to respond to either mTOR/PI3K or combined RAF/MEK inhibition but experienced a dramatic response when both drug regimens were combined.Experimental Design: Multi-region whole-exome sequencing of five diagnostic and four autopsy tumor biopsies was performed. Meta-analysis of DNA and RNA sequencing studies of ATC was performed.Results: Sequencing revealed truncal BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, which are known to activate the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. Meta-analysis demonstrated 10.3% cooccurrence of MAPK and PI3K pathway alterations in ATC. These tumors display a separate transcriptional profile from other ATCs, consistent with a novel subgroup of ATC.Conclusions: BRAF and PIK3CA mutations define a distinct subset of ATC. Blockade of the MAPK and PI3K pathways appears necessary for tumor response in this subset of ATC. This identification of synergistic activity between targeted agents may inform clinical trial design in ATC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2367-73. ©2016 AACR.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R thyroid gland carcinoma predicted - sensitive Dabrafenib + Everolimus + Trametinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma co-harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R demonstrated tumor regression when treated with the triple combination, Tafinlar (dabrafenib), Mekinist (trametinib), and Afinitor (everolimus) (PMID: 27797976). 27797976
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R thyroid gland carcinoma resistant Everolimus Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma co-harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R demonstrated resistance to treatment with Afinitor (everolimus) (PMID: 27797976). 27797976
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R thyroid gland carcinoma resistant Dabrafenib + Trametinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma co-harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R demonstrated resistance to the combination therapy, Mekinist (trametinib) and Tafinlar (dabrafenib) (PMID: 27797976). 27797976