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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (28891423)
Authors Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, Gogas HJ, Arance AM, Cowey CL, Dalle S, Schenker M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Marquez-Rodas I, Grob JJ, Butler MO, Middleton MR, Maio M, Atkinson V, Queirolo P, Gonzalez R, Kudchadkar RR, Smylie M, Meyer N, Mortier L, Atkins MB, Long GV, Bhatia S, Lebbé C, Rutkowski P, Yokota K, Yamazaki N, Kim TM, de Pril V, Sabater J, Qureshi A, Larkin J, Ascierto PA, null null
Title Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
The New England journal of medicine 377 19 2017 11 09 1824-1835 N Engl J Med
URL
Abstract Text Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. In the United States, ipilimumab has also been approved as adjuvant therapy for melanoma on the basis of recurrence-free and overall survival rates that were higher than those with placebo in a phase 3 trial. We wanted to determine the efficacy of nivolumab versus ipilimumab for adjuvant therapy in patients with resected advanced melanoma.In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 906 patients (≥15 years of age) who were undergoing complete resection of stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV melanoma to receive an intravenous infusion of either nivolumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks (453 patients) or ipilimumab at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram every 3 weeks for four doses and then every 12 weeks (453 patients). The patients were treated for a period of up to 1 year or until disease recurrence, a report of unacceptable toxic effects, or withdrawal of consent. The primary end point was recurrence-free survival in the intention-to-treat population.At a minimum follow-up of 18 months, the 12-month rate of recurrence-free survival was 70.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.1 to 74.5) in the nivolumab group and 60.8% (95% CI, 56.0 to 65.2) in the ipilimumab group (hazard ratio for disease recurrence or death, 0.65; 97.56% CI, 0.51 to 0.83; P<0.001). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in 14.4% of the patients in the nivolumab group and in 45.9% of those in the ipilimumab group; treatment was discontinued because of any adverse event in 9.7% and 42.6% of the patients, respectively. Two deaths (0.4%) related to toxic effects were reported in the ipilimumab group more than 100 days after treatment.Among patients undergoing resection of stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV melanoma, adjuvant therapy with nivolumab resulted in significantly longer recurrence-free survival and a lower rate of grade 3 or 4 adverse events than adjuvant therapy with ipilimumab. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 238 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02388906 ; Eudra-CT number, 2014-002351-26 .).

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Ipilimumab Ipilimumab 0 92
Nivolumab Nivolumab 31 360
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Ipilimumab Yervoy BMS-734016 CTLA4 Antibody 29 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor 147 Yervoy (ipilimumab) is an antibody that binds to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), causing increased T-cell activation (PMID: 28891423). Yervoy (ipilimumab) is FDA approved for use in patients with metastatic melanoma, including patients 12 years or older, and in combination with Opdivo (nivolumab) for intermediate or poor-risk renal cell carcinoma, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (including patients 12 years or older), hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with Nexavar (sorafenib), in combination with Opdivo (nivolumab) as first-line therapy in patients with PD-L1-positive (>=1%) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer without EGFR or ALK alterations, and in combination with Opdivo (nivolumab) and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer without EGFR or ALK alterations (FDA.gov).
Nivolumab Opdivo MDX-1106|BMS-936558 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor 147 PD-L1/PD-1 antibody 117 Opdivo (nivolumab) is an antibody that targets PD-1 (PDCD1), which results in increased T-cell activation and enhanced anti-tumor immune response (PMID: 28891423). Opdivo (nivolumab) is FDA approved for use as a monotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progressed on prior therapies, Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma (UC) , esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer, as a monotherapy or in combination with Yervoy (ipilimumab) for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (including patients 12 years or older), and hepatocellular carcinoma, in combination with Yervoy (ipilimumab) as first-line therapy for PD-L1-positive (>=1%) metastatic NSCLC without EGFR or ALK alterations, with Yervoy (ipilimumab) and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic or recurrent NSCLC without EGFR or ALK alterations, with platinum doublet chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with resectable NSCLC, with Cabometyx (cabozantinib) for advanced RCC, with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, GEJ cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and with cisplatin and gemcitabine as first-line treatment for unresectable or metastatic UC (FDA.gov).
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References