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Gene Symbol POLE
Synonyms CRCS12 | FILS | IMAGEI | POLE1
Gene Description POLE, DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit, mediates proofreading activity during DNA repair and replication (PMID: 26822575, PMID: 29604063) and plays a role in genomic stability (PMID: 31747945). Somatic mutations in POLE have been identified in colorectal cancer (PMID: 29998005, PMID: 29072370), frequently in endometrial cancer (PMID: 26822575, PMID: 28795426, PMID: 30733993), and are often associated with high tumor mutational burden (PMID: 30733993, PMID: 29880869), but are less likely to be associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency (PMID: 30585826).
NCBI Gene ID Chromosome Map Location Canonical Transcript Gene Role
5426 12 12q24.33 NM_006231 Tumor suppressor (PMID: 30606230)

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Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
A426V missense unknown POLE A426V lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). A426V has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 25224212), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Sep 2021).
A456P missense unknown POLE A456P lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). A456P has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 31829442, PMID: 31624068), but has not been biochemically characterized, and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Dec 2021).
A456T missense unknown POLE A456T lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). A456T has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
D275A missense unknown POLE D275A lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). D275A results in increased nucleotide error rates in combination with E277A compared to wild-type Pole (PMID: 29488881, PMID: 29559562), but has not been individually characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown.
D301N missense unknown POLE D301N lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). D301N has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 30917185), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Sep 2021).
D368N missense loss of function - predicted POLE D368N lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). D368N (corresponds to D383N in yeast) results in increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
E277A missense unknown POLE E277A lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). E277A results in increased nucleotide error rates in combination with D275A compared to wild-type Pole (PMID: 29488881, PMID: 29559562), but has not been individually characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown.
E277V missense unknown POLE E277V lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). E277V has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2022).
E396G missense unknown POLE E396G lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). E396G has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26763250, PMID: 31829442), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
F2251L missense unknown POLE F2251L does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). F2251L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 32098697), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
F285L missense unknown POLE F285L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). F285L has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
F285S missense unknown POLE F285S lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). F285S has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
F367C missense unknown POLE F367C lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). F367C has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26763250, PMID: 31240875), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
F367L missense unknown POLE F367L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). F367L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26763250, PMID: 28061006, PMID: 31829442), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
F367S missense loss of function POLE F367S lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). F367S results in reduced exonuclease activity and increased replication error rates compared to wild-type Pole in in vitro assays (PMID: 29352080, PMID: 25228659).
G433D missense unknown POLE G433D lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). G433D has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
H475R missense unknown POLE H475R does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). H475R has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
inact mut unknown loss of function POLE inact mut indicates that this variant results in a loss of function of the Pole protein. However, the specific amino acid change has not been identified.
K425R missense loss of function - predicted POLE K425R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). K425R (corresponds to K440R in yeast) results in significantly increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
K429R missense unknown POLE K429R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). K429R has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
L424I missense loss of function - predicted POLE L424I lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). L424I results in reduced exonuclease activity in an in vitro assay (PMID: 29056344), and therefore, is predicted to lead to a loss of Pole protein function.
L424P missense unknown POLE L424P lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). L424P has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26763250, PMID: 31829442, PMID: 34253388), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
L424V missense loss of function POLE L424V lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). L424V (corresponds to L439V in yeast) results in increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and results in reduced exonuclease activity in an in vitro assay (PMID: 29056344).
L455Q missense unknown POLE L455Q lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). L455Q has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
M294R missense loss of function - predicted POLE M294R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). M294R (corresponds to M309R in yeast) results in increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
M487V missense unknown POLE M487V does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). M487V has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
mutant unknown unknown POLE mutant indicates an unspecified mutation in the POLE gene.
N251I missense unknown POLE N251I does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). N251I has not been characterized in the scientific literature and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
N363K missense loss of function - predicted POLE N363K lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). N363K (corresponds to N378K in yeast) results in significantly increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
P269fs frameshift loss of function - predicted POLE P269fs results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the Pole protein beginning at 269 of 2286, likely resulting in premature truncation of the functional protein (UniProt.org). Due to the loss of the polymerase domain (PMID: 29352080), P269fs is predicted to lead to a loss of Pole protein function.
P286H missense loss of function POLE P286H lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P286H results in reduced exonuclease activity and increased replication error rates compared to wild-type Pole in in vitro assays (PMID: 29352080, PMID: 25228659).
P286L missense loss of function - predicted POLE P286L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P286L (corresponds to P301L in yeast) results in significantly increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
P286R missense loss of function POLE P286R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P286R is associated with hypermutation in patient samples (PMID: 27612425, PMID: 23528559), results in a perturbation of the DNA-binding pocket by structural modeling (PMID: 23528559), and confers impaired exonuclease activity and increased mutation rate compared to wild-type Pole in vitro (PMID: 25228659, PMID: 29352080).
P286S missense unknown POLE P286S lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P286S has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26648449, PMID: 28061006, PMID: 31829442), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
P286T missense unknown POLE P286T lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P286T has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 29320758, PMID: 29316426), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
P324L missense loss of function - predicted POLE P324L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P324L (corresponds to P339L in yeast) results in increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
P436R missense loss of function - predicted POLE P436R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P436R results in increased mutation rates compared to wild-type Pole protein in a yeast assay (PMID: 29352080), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
P436S missense loss of function - predicted POLE P436S lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P436S (corresponds to P451S in yeast) results in increased mutagenesis in yeast assays (PMID: 32424176), and therefore, is predicted to result in a loss of Pole protein function.
P441L missense unknown POLE P441L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P441L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26763250, PMID: 29572003, PMID: 31829442), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
P476L missense unknown POLE P476L does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). P476L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 25124163), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Sep 2021).
Q2217* nonsense unknown POLE Q2217* results in a premature truncation of the Pole protein at amino acid 2217 of 2286 (UniProt.org). Q2217* has not been characterized in the scientific literature and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Dec 2021).
Q303R missense unknown POLE Q303R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). Q303R has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
R114* nonsense loss of function - predicted POLE R114* results in a premature truncation of the Pole protein at amino acid 114 of 2286 (UniProt.org). Due to the loss of most known functional domains (UniProt.org), R114* is predicted to lead to a loss of Pole protein function.
R1508H missense unknown POLE R1508H does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). R1508H has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 29458332), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
R1519C missense unknown POLE R1519C does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). R1519C has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 24755471), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
R1519H missense unknown POLE R1519H does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). R1519H has not been characterized in the scientific literature and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
R1519L missense unknown POLE R1519L does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). R1519L has not been characterized in the scientific literature and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
R34L missense unknown POLE R34L does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). R34L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 34875656), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2022).
R446W missense unknown POLE R446W lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). R446W has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 25224212), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Sep 2021).
S297A missense unknown POLE S297A lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). S297A has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 26763250), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
S297F missense unknown POLE S297F lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). S297F has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 29559562, PMID: 27491810, PMID: 24844595), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2022).
S297Y missense unknown POLE S297Y lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). S297Y has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 31240875), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2022).
S459F missense loss of function POLE S459F lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). S459F results in loss of exonuclease activity in human cells (PMID: 25228659) and increased mutation rates in yeast assays compared to wild-type Pole (PMID: 29352080).
S459Y missense unknown POLE S459Y lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). S459Y has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
T278K missense unknown POLE T278K lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T278K has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 34479923), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
T278P missense unknown POLE T278P lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T278P has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
T278S missense unknown POLE T278S lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T278S has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
T279A missense unknown POLE T279A lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T279A has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
T323A missense unknown POLE T323A lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T323A has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 29386312), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Jan 2022).
T457L missense unknown POLE T457L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T457L has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).
T457M missense unknown POLE T457M lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). T457M has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 30917185), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Sep 2021).
V1426I missense unknown POLE V1426I does not lie within any known functional domains of the Pole protein (UniProt.org). V1426I has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 30171174), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
V411L missense loss of function - predicted POLE V411L lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). V411L results in reduced Pole exonuclease activity in an in vitro assay (PMID: 25228659), and therefore, is predicted to lead to a loss of Pole protein function.
V411M missense unknown POLE V411M lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). V411M has been identified in in the scientific literature (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
V411R missense unknown POLE V411R lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). V411R has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 30194485), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
V533M missense unknown POLE V533M lies within the polymerase domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). V533M has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 32098697), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Oct 2021).
W410* nonsense loss of function - predicted POLE W410* results in a premature truncation of the Pole protein at amino acid 410 of 2286 (UniProt.org). Due to the loss of the polymerase domain (PMID: 29352080), W410* is predicted to lead to a loss of Pole protein function.
wild-type none no effect Wild-type POLE indicates that no mutation has been detected within the POLE gene.
Y434N missense unknown POLE Y434N lies within the exonuclease domain of the Pole protein (PMID: 29352080). Y434N has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 32801757), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Pole protein function is unknown (PubMed, Aug 2021).