Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(25605843)

Authors

Van Cutsem E, Lenz HJ, Köhne CH, Heinemann V, Tejpar S, Melezínek I, Beier F, Stroh C, Rougier P, van Krieken JH, Ciardiello F

Title

Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan plus cetuximab treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology	33	7	2015 Mar 01	692-700	J Clin Oncol

URL

Abstract Text

The phase III CRYSTAL study demonstrated that addition of cetuximab to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response in the first-line treatment of patients with KRAS codon 12/13 (exon 2) wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Outcome was reassessed in subgroups defined by extended RAS mutation testing.Existing DNA samples from KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumors from CRYSTAL study patients were reanalyzed for other RAS mutations in four additional KRAS codons (exons 3 and 4) and six NRAS codons (exons 2, 3, and 4) using beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics technology. No tissue microdissection was performed. A ≥ 5% mutant allele cutoff was used to call mutations.Mutation status was evaluable in 430 (64.6%) of 666 patients with KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumors. Other RAS mutations were detected in 63 (14.7%) of 430 patients. In those with RAS wild-type tumors, a significant benefit across all efficacy end points was associated with the addition of cetuximab to FOLFIRI. In patients with other RAS tumor mutations, no difference in efficacy outcomes between treatment groups was seen. The safety profile in RAS subgroups was similar and in line with expectations.In the first-line treatment of mCRC, patients with RAS wild-type tumors derived a significant benefit from the addition of cetuximab to FOLFIRI; patients with RAS tumor mutations did not. Molecular testing of tumors for all activating RAS mutations is essential before considering anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy, thereby allowing the further tailoring of cetuximab administration to maximize patient benefit.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
NRAS mutant	colorectal cancer	no benefit	Cetuximab + Fluorouracil + Irinotecan + Leucovorin	Phase III	Actionable	In a retrospective analysis of a Phase III trial, the combination of Erbitux (cetuximab) and FOLFIRI did not demonstrate an improved clinical benefit compared to FOLFIRI alone in colorectal cancer patients with RAS mutations (PMID: 25605843).	25605843
NRAS wild-type	colorectal cancer	predicted - sensitive	Cetuximab + Fluorouracil + Irinotecan + Leucovorin	Phase III	Actionable	In a Phase III trial, the combination of Erbitux (cetuximab) and FOLFIRI demonstrated a significant clinical benefit in OS, PFS, and objective response compared to FOLFIRI alone in colorectal cancer patients with RAS wild-type status (PMID: 25605843).	25605843