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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (28179366)
Authors Brammeld JS, Petljak M, Martincorena I, Williams SP, Alonso LG, Dalmases A, Bellosillo B, Robles-Espinoza CD, Price S, Barthorpe S, Tarpey P, Alifrangis C, Bignell G, Vidal J, Young J, Stebbings L, Beal K, Stratton MR, Saez-Rodriguez J, Garnett M, Montagut C, Iorio F, McDermott U
Title Genome-wide chemical mutagenesis screens allow unbiased saturation of the cancer genome and identification of drug resistance mutations.
URL
Abstract Text Drug resistance is an almost inevitable consequence of cancer therapy and ultimately proves fatal for the majority of patients. In many cases, this is the consequence of specific gene mutations that have the potential to be targeted to resensitize the tumor. The ability to uniformly saturate the genome with point mutations without chromosome or nucleotide sequence context bias would open the door to identify all putative drug resistance mutations in cancer models. Here, we describe such a method for elucidating drug resistance mechanisms using genome-wide chemical mutagenesis allied to next-generation sequencing. We show that chemically mutagenizing the genome of cancer cells dramatically increases the number of drug-resistant clones and allows the detection of both known and novel drug resistance mutations. We used an efficient computational process that allows for the rapid identification of involved pathways and druggable targets. Such a priori knowledge would greatly empower serial monitoring strategies for drug resistance in the clinic as well as the development of trials for drug-resistant patients.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
MAP2K1 F53L colorectal cancer resistant Cetuximab Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, expression of MAP2K1 F53L conferred resistance to Erbitux (cetuximab) in colorectal cancer cells in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366
NRAS G12V colorectal cancer resistant Cetuximab Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, colorectal cancer cells harboring NRAS G12V demonstrated resistance to Erbitux (cetuximab) in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366
NRAS G12V colorectal cancer sensitive Cetuximab + Trametinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Erbitux (cetuximab) and Mekinist (trametinib) decreased viability of colorectal cancer cells harboring NRAS G12V in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366
MAP2K1 C121S colorectal cancer resistant Cetuximab Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, expression of MAP2K1 C121S conferred resistance to Erbitux (cetuximab) in colorectal cancer cells in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366
MAP2K1 C121S colorectal cancer sensitive Cetuximab + Trametinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Erbitux (cetuximab) and Mekinist (trametinib) decreased viability of colorectal cancer cells harboring MAP2K1 C121S in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366
MAP2K1 F53L colorectal cancer sensitive Cetuximab + Trametinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of Erbitux (cetuximab) and Mekinist (trametinib) decreased viability of colorectal cancer cells harboring MAP2K1 F53L in culture (PMID: 28179366). 28179366