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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (22797062)
Authors Kasper S, Breitenbuecher F, Reis H, Brandau S, Worm K, Kohler J, Paul A, Trarbach T, Schmid KW, Schuler M
Title Oncogenic RAS simultaneously protects against anti-EGFR antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and EGFR signaling blockade.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Oncogene 32 23 2013 Jun 6 2873-81 Oncogene
URL
Abstract Text Monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are effective cancer therapeutics, but tumors harboring RAS mutations are resistant. To functionally dissect RAS-mediated resistance, we have studied clinically approved anti-EGFR antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, in cancer models. Both antibodies were equally cytotoxic in vitro. However, cetuximab, which also triggers antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), was more effective than panitumumab in vivo. Oncogenic RAS neutralized the activity of both antibodies in vivo. Mechanistically, RAS upregulated BCL-XL in cancer cell lines and in primary colorectal cancers. Suppression of BCL-XL by short hairpin RNA or treatment with a BH3 mimetic overcame RAS-mediated antibody resistance. In conclusion, RAS-mutant tumors escape anti-EGFR antibody-mediated receptor blockade as well as ADCC in vivo. Pharmacological targeting of RAS effectors can restore sensitivity to antibody therapy.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
HRAS G12V Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Cetuximab Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, tumor cells expressing HRAS G12V demonstrated resistance to treatment with Erbitux (cetuximab) (PMID: 22797062). 22797062
HRAS G12V Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Panitumumab Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, tumor cells expressing HRAS G12V demonstrated resistance to treatment with Vectibix (panitumumab) (PMID: 22797062). 22797062