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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (22180495)
Authors Yang H, Higgins B, Kolinsky K, Packman K, Bradley WD, Lee RJ, Schostack K, Simcox ME, Kopetz S, Heimbrook D, Lestini B, Bollag G, Su F
Title Antitumor activity of BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in preclinical models of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Cancer research 72 3 2012 Feb 01 779-89 Cancer Res
URL
Abstract Text The protein kinase BRAF is a key component of the RAS-RAF signaling pathway which plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Mutations in BRAF at codon 600 promote catalytic activity and are associated with 8% of all human (solid) tumors, including 8% to 10% of colorectal cancers (CRC). Here, we report the preclinical characterization of vemurafenib (RG7204; PLX4032; RO5185426), a first-in-class, specific small molecule inhibitor of BRAF(V600E) in BRAF-mutated CRC cell lines and tumor xenograft models. As a single agent, vemurafenib shows dose-dependent inhibition of ERK and MEK phosphorylation, thereby arresting cell proliferation in BRAF(V600)-expressing cell lines and inhibiting tumor growth in BRAF(V600E) bearing xenograft models. Because vemurafenib has shown limited single-agent clinical activity in BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic CRC, we therefore explored a range of combination therapies, with both standard agents and targeted inhibitors in preclinical xenograft models. In a BRAF-mutant CRC xenograft model with de novo resistance to vemurafenib (RKO), tumor growth inhibition by vemurafenib was enhanced by combining with an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206). The addition of vemurafenib to capecitabine and/or bevacizumab, cetuximab and/or irinotecan, or erlotinib resulted in increased antitumor activity and improved survival in xenograft models. Together, our findings suggest that the administration of vemurafenib in combination with standard-of-care or novel targeted therapies may lead to enhanced and sustained clinical antitumor efficacy in CRCs harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R colorectal cancer sensitive MK2206 + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with MK2206 induced apoptosis and synergistically inhibited proliferation of colorectal cancer cells harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R in culture, and inhibited tumor growth in a cell line xenograft model (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Bevacizumab + Capecitabine + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment when combined with Xeloda (capecitabine) and Avastin (bevacizumab) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Erlotinib + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with Tarceva (erlotinib) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E compared to either agent alone (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Irinotecan + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with Camptosar (irinotecan) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Capecitabine + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with Xeloda (capecitabine) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Cetuximab + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with Erbitux (cetuximab) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R colorectal cancer resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment did not inhibit proliferation of colorectal cancer cells harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R in culture, and did not inhibit tumor growth in a cell line xenograft model (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R colorectal cancer predicted - sensitive MK2206 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, MK2206 treatment resulted in a modest tumor growth inhibition in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E and PIK3CA H1047R (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF V600E colorectal cancer sensitive Cetuximab + Irinotecan + Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in combination with Erbitux (cetuximab) and Camptosar (irinotecan) enhanced tumor growth inhibition and increased survival in a cell line xenograft model of colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E (PMID: 22180495). 22180495
BRAF G596R PIK3CA E545K colorectal cancer resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, colorectal cancer cells harboring BRAF G596R and PIK3CA E545K did not demonstrate sensitivity to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment in culture (PMID: 22180495). 22180495