Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(26936919)

Authors

Wang HC, Li TY, Chao YJ, Hou YC, Hsueh YS, Hsu KH, Shan YS

Title

KIT Exon 11 Codons 557-558 Deletion Mutation Promotes Liver Metastasis Through the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research	22	14	2016 Jul 15	3477-87	Clin Cancer Res

URL

Abstract Text

KIT mutations, the most prevalent genetic event in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), are associated with malignant features and poor prognosis. Aggressive GISTs possess a high propensity to spread to the liver. This study aimed to explore the role of KIT mutations in GIST liver metastasis.A total of 170 GISTs were used to determine the association between KIT mutations and liver metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the correlation of KIT mutations with CXCR4 and ETV1 expression. Genetic and pharmacologic methods were used to study the regulation of CXCR4 and ETV1 by KIT mutations.Codons 557 and 558 in KIT exon 11 were deletion hot spots in GISTs. KIT exon 11 deletions involving codons 557-558 were highly associated with liver metastasis. Overexpression of mutant KIT with exon 11 codons 557-558 deletion (KIT Δ557-558) increased GIST cell motility and liver metastasis. Mechanistically, overexpression of KIT Δ557-558 in GIST cells increased ETV1 and CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 knockdown counteracted KIT Δ557-558-mediated cell migration. Moreover, KIT Δ557-558-induced CXCR4 expression could be abolished by silencing ETV1. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that ETV1 directly bound to the CXCR4 promoter. After ERK inhibitor PD325901 treatment, the upregulation of ETV1 by KIT Δ557-558 was prevented. In addition, KIT exon 11 codons 557-558 deletion enhanced CXCL12-mediated GIST cell migration and invasion.KIT exon 11 557-558 deletion upregulates CXCR4 through increased binding of ETV1 to the CXCR4 promoter in GIST cells, which thus promotes liver metastasis. These findings highlighted the potential therapeutic targets for metastatic GISTs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3477-87. ©2016 AACR.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance
KIT	W557_K558del	deletion	gain of function	KIT W557_K558del results in the deletion of 2 amino acids in the juxtamembrane domain (exon 11) of the Kit protein from amino acids 557 to 558 (PMID: 12918066). W557_K558del results in constitutive activation of Kit and increased Erk phosphorylation, and leads to increased invasiveness and expression of ETV1 in cell culture (PMID: 25239608, PMID: 26936919).

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
KIT W557_K558del	gastrointestinal stromal tumor	sensitive	PD-0325901	Preclinical - Cell culture	Actionable	In a preclinical study, PD-0325901 treatment inhibited Erk phosphorylation and decreased expression of ETV1 and CXCR4 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells harboring KIT W557_K558del (PMID: 26936919).	26936919