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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (18287029)
Authors Tsai J, Lee JT, Wang W, Zhang J, Cho H, Mamo S, Bremer R, Gillette S, Kong J, Haass NK, Sproesser K, Li L, Smalley KS, Fong D, Zhu YL, Marimuthu A, Nguyen H, Lam B, Liu J, Cheung I, Rice J, Suzuki Y, Luu C, Settachatgul C, Shellooe R, Cantwell J, Kim SH, Schlessinger J, Zhang KY, West BL, Powell B, Habets G, Zhang C, Ibrahim PN, Hirth P, Artis DR, Herlyn M, Bollag G
Title Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity.
URL
Abstract Text BRAF(V600E) is the most frequent oncogenic protein kinase mutation known. Furthermore, inhibitors targeting "active" protein kinases have demonstrated significant utility in the therapeutic repertoire against cancer. Therefore, we pursued the development of specific kinase inhibitors targeting B-Raf, and the V600E allele in particular. By using a structure-guided discovery approach, a potent and selective inhibitor of active B-Raf has been discovered. PLX4720, a 7-azaindole derivative that inhibits B-Raf(V600E) with an IC(50) of 13 nM, defines a class of kinase inhibitor with marked selectivity in both biochemical and cellular assays. PLX4720 preferentially inhibits the active B-Raf(V600E) kinase compared with a broad spectrum of other kinases, and potent cytotoxic effects are also exclusive to cells bearing the V600E allele. Consistent with the high degree of selectivity, ERK phosphorylation is potently inhibited by PLX4720 in B-Raf(V600E)-bearing tumor cell lines but not in cells lacking oncogenic B-Raf. In melanoma models, PLX4720 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis exclusively in B-Raf(V600E)-positive cells. In B-Raf(V600E)-dependent tumor xenograft models, orally dosed PLX4720 causes significant tumor growth delays, including tumor regressions, without evidence of toxicity. The work described here represents the entire discovery process, from initial identification through structural and biological studies in animal models to a promising therapeutic for testing in cancer patients bearing B-Raf(V600E)-driven tumors.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
PLX4720 PLX4720 21 0
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
PLX4720 PLX-4720|PLX 4720 BRAF Inhibitor 25 PLX4720 is a 7-azaindole derivative and RAF kinase inhibitor with greater affinity for BRAF V600E than BRAF wild-type, which may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and lead to tumor growth inhibition and regression (PMID: 18287029).
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF wild-type melanoma resistant PLX4720 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, PLX4720 did not inhibit growth of BRAF wild-type melanoma cells in culture or in cell line xenograft models (PMID: 18287029). 18287029
BRAF V600E colon cancer sensitive PLX4720 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, PLX4720 inhibited growth of colon cancer cells harboring BRAF V600E in culture and in cell line xenograft models (PMID: 18287029). 18287029
BRAF V600E melanoma sensitive PLX4720 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, PLX4720 inhibited growth of melanoma cells harboring BRAF V600E in culture and in cell line xenograft models (PMID: 18287029). 18287029