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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (25228534)
Authors Katayama R, Friboulet L, Koike S, Lockerman EL, Khan TM, Gainor JF, Iafrate AJ, Takeuchi K, Taiji M, Okuno Y, Fujita N, Engelman JA, Shaw AT
Title Two novel ALK mutations mediate acquired resistance to the next-generation ALK inhibitor alectinib.
URL
Abstract Text The first-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib is a standard therapy for patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several next-generation ALK-TKIs have entered the clinic and have shown promising activity in crizotinib-resistant patients. As patients still relapse even on these next-generation ALK-TKIs, we examined mechanisms of resistance to the next-generation ALK-TKI alectinib and potential strategies to overcome this resistance.We established a cell line model of alectinib resistance, and analyzed a resistant tumor specimen from a patient who had relapsed on alectinib. We developed Ba/F3 models harboring alectinib-resistant ALK mutations and evaluated the potency of other next-generation ALK-TKIs in these models. We tested the antitumor activity of the next-generation ALK-TKI ceritinib in the patient with acquired resistance to alectinib. To elucidate structure-activity relationships of ALK mutations, we performed computational thermodynamic simulation with MP-CAFEE.We identified a novel V1180L gatekeeper mutation from the cell line model and a second novel I1171T mutation from the patient who developed resistance to alectinib. Both ALK mutations conferred resistance to alectinib as well as to crizotinib, but were sensitive to ceritinib and other next-generation ALK-TKIs. Treatment of the patient with ceritinib led to a marked response. Thermodynamics simulation suggests that both mutations lead to distinct structural alterations that decrease the binding affinity with alectinib.We have identified two novel ALK mutations arising after alectinib exposure that are sensitive to other next-generation ALK-TKIs. The ability of ceritinib to overcome alectinib-resistance mutations suggests a potential role for sequential therapy with multiple next-generation ALK-TKIs.

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Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
ALK V1180L missense unknown ALK V1180L lies within the protein kinase domain of the Alk protein (UniProt.org). V1180L has been demonstrated to occur as a secondary resistance mutation in the context of EML4-ALK (PMID: 25228534, PMID: 27432227, PMID: 35324529), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Alk protein function is unknown (PubMed, Dec 2023). Y
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Zykadia (ceritinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK V1180L in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK V1180L in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L lung non-small cell carcinoma resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK with ALK V1180L was resistant to Alecensa (alectinib) treatment in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171T Advanced Solid Tumor resistant ASP3026 Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK I1171T was resistant to ASP3026 treatment in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171T Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive TAE684 Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, TAE684 inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK ALK I1171T in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive ASP3026 Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, ASP3026 inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK V1180L in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L lung non-small cell carcinoma resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring ALK V1180L in the context of EML4-ALK was resistant to Xalkori (crizotinib) treatment in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171T Advanced Solid Tumor predicted - sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing ALK I1171T in the context of EML4-ALK but to a lesser degree than cells expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive TAE684 Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, TAE684 inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing ALK V1180L in the context of EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Zykadia (ceritinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171T Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Zykadia (ceritinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK I1171T in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
ALK rearrange ALK I1171T lung adenocarcinoma resistant Crizotinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with a lung adenocarcinoma tumor harboring an ALK rearrangement with ALK I1171T progressed on Xalkori (crizotinib) therapy after 8 months and resistance was confirmed using cell culture with cells derived from the patient's tumor (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK V1180L Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK V1180L was resistant to Alecensa (alectinib) treatment in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
ALK rearrange ALK I1171T lung adenocarcinoma resistant Alectinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with a lung adenocarcinoma tumor harboring an ALK rearrangement with ALK I1171T progressed on Alecensa (alectinib) therapy after 4 months and resistance was confirmed using cell culture with cells derived from the patient’s tumor (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive ASP3026 Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, ASP3026 inhibited growth of a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171T Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a transformed cell line expressing EML4-ALK with ALK I1171T was resistant to Alecensa (alectinib) treatment in culture (PMID: 25228534). 25228534